Tuesday, November 12, 2024

Reading In The Content Area - Science


                                        READING IN THE CONTENT AREA - SCIENCE

While looking over my reading list, I was reminded that there was a book I had read, which was not on my list.  When I looked up the book on Goodreads, I discovered that no one had written a review, so I am taking it upon myself to provide a review because The Human Environment by Michael Treshow is a book that I highly recommend for a variety of reasons.  I also wanted to review the book because I actually knew and worked with Dr. Treshow.  The book and the writing in it reflect his talent in teaching environmental biology.  

Dr. Treshow was a highly admired professor of botany for 35 years at the University of Utah.  He received his biological training at UCLA and earned a Ph.D. at UC Davis.  He also taught other courses from time-to-time, including Mycology and Human Ecology.  He wrote The Human Environment as the text book that he used to teach Human Ecology.  Additionally, Dr. Treshow studied the effects of gaseous air pollution and he served as a consultant to US Steel in assisting to mitigate damage to vegetation from air pollution.  His research was internationally recognized and helped us to understand the effects of acid rain and air pollution. 

As a student of Dr. Treshow’s, I took his Field Botany, Mycology, and Human Ecology courses and I was a graduate student in his laboratory where I studied the causes of the decline of the Cattail population in marshes adjacent to the Great Salt Lake.

The book is a perfect example of an introductory textbook.  The writing is conversational, thoughtful, and thought provoking.  The ideas are presented, in brief, with classic examples of basic concepts in environmental and human biology.   There are relevant black-and-white photographs, and graphic illustrations to assist with understanding.  The beginning of each Chapter begins with an interesting author’s quote.  Each chapter is summarized with a brief conclusion.  At the end of each chapter, there are a few selected readings, which are original source articles that have become classic and must-read papers and books in environmental science.  I’ve kept my copy of the book because it contains valuable resource material and excellent explanations of humans and their relationship with Earth’s ecosphere.  The book is also a superb example of scientific writing for the purposes of teaching.  One of the most valuable explanations in the book is the explanation of The Laws of Thermodynamics and how these laws apply to living systems.  I have never found a better explanation.  I was witness to many days of discussions about the book between Dr. Franklin K. Anderson who was Dr. Treshow’s Ph.D. student at the time; they took great care to make sure every sentence, word, and especially the section on thermodynamics, was perfectly written. They also made sure the writing was factually correct and checked all the references.

This book does need an improvement.  Because it was published in 1976, it is out-of-date by nearly 50 years.  It would be helpful to publish an updated edition, if someone had a mind to do it and could get permission to update the material in the same style in which the book was written.  As it is, the book can be a good teaching lesson. A teacher could have students read a chapter as science history, and students could present in some way what has happened, since the 1970’s, to add to our understanding of the given topic.   The book can be read on the Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/humanenvironment0000tres/mode/2up

The contents of the book begin with:

Preface

Introduction

                PART ONE/FROM OUR BEGINNINGS

Here are the titles of the chapters:

                CHAPTER 1/The Unity of Life

                                Energy

                                Order

                                Environmental Perturbation

                                Ecosystems

                                Entropy

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 2/The Exchange of Information

                                Communication

                                Information

                                Error Control

                                Higher-Order Systems

                                Proteins

                                Chromosomes and Genes

                                DNA

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 3/Stability and Variation

                                Variation

                                Natural Selection

                                Variability versus Reliability

                                Cybernetic Systems

                                Fire as a Regulating Mechanism

                                Predictive Information

                                Ecological Niche

                                Regulation in Ecosystems

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 4/The Behavior Strategy

                                Survival

                                Behavior and Environment

                                A Model:  Dog Drinking Water

                                A Generalized Model

                                READ Subprogram

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 5/Emergence of Culture

                                Living in Groups

                                Parent-Infant Bond

                                The Emergence of Homo Sapiens

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 6/Agriculture and Population Growth

                                Meeting Basic Energy Needs

                                Primitive Agriculture

                                Population Surges

                                Growth and limits to Biological Populations

                                Cultural Influences on Population Projections

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                PART TWO/TOWARD ENVIRONMENTAL HOMICIDE

                CHAPTER 7/Industry and Agriculture

                                The Rise of Technology

                                The Labor Supply

                                Environmental Effects

                                Agricultural Growth

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 8/Carrying Capacity of the Land

                                Malthus’s Dismal Theorem

                                Food Needs

                                Improving Productivity

                                Water Limitations

                                Farming Practices and Land Use

                                World Production Potential

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 9/Seafood, Synthetics, and Other Protein Sources

                                Producers and Consumers of the Sea

                                Increasing Yields

                                Potential Protein Sources

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 10/Agricultural Pest Control

                                Plant Pests as Part of the Environment

                                The Need for Pest Control

                                Pesticides in the Ecosystem

                                Conclusion

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 11/The Energy Era

                                Energy “Needs”

                                The rise of Industry

                                The Emergence of Electricity

                                The Internal Combustions Engine

                                Technological Man

                                Fossil Fuel Resources

                                Nuclear Power

                                Winds and Water

                                Geothermal Power

                                Solar Energy

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 12/The Pollutions Associated with Energy Production

                                Power Generation

                                Sources of Pollution

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 13/Mineral Wealth and Waste

                                Historical Significance

                                Environmental Impact

                                Mineral Resource Depletion

                                Mineral Reserves of the Sea

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 14/The Environment of the City

                                Historical Background

                                The Urban Environment

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 15/The Transportation Spiral

                                The Railway

                                The Automobile

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                PART THREE/THE PRICE OF SURVIVAL

                CHAPTER 16/Happiness is an Elusive Quality

                                Measures of Quality

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 17/The Economics of Growth

                                Economic Dependence

                                The Bases for Economic Systems

                                Economic Growth

                                Gross National Product

                                Steady-State Economy

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 18/Quality of Life in the City

                                The Character of the City

                                Urban Limitations

                                Solutions

                                The Stability of the City

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 19/The Need for Nature

                                Biological Need

                                The Conquest of Nature

                                Further Description

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 20/The Utopian Dream

                                Spirit of Cooperation

                                Utopian Thinking

                                The Supernatural as a Governing Force

                                Emergence of Free Thought

                                Sharing the Profits of Technology

                                Conduct between the Individual and the Species

                                Solutions

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                CHAPTER 21/Our Genetic Future

                                The Gene Pool

                                The Social Environment

                                Genetic Manipulation

                                Psychological Control

                                The Future

                                Moral Judgements

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

 

                CHAPTER 22/Confidence of Tomorrow

                                The Stages of Civilization

                                Resource Adjustment

                                Social Conditions

                                Competition and Cooperation

                                The Individual, the Unit of Society

                                Environmental Conscience

                                Future Quality of Life

                                Ecological Laws

                                Conclusions

                                Selected Readings

                APPENDIX

                                Background Information

                                                The Laws of Thermodynamics

                                                Entropy

                                                Essential Amino Acids

                                                The Productive Capacity of a Nation

                GLOSSARY

                INDEX

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